Being Number One

When Peter got a mad mark in school, his mother scolded him. “Last year I was proud of you,” she said. “You were the best pupil in the class.”
The little boy was ashamed, but then he thought a moment. He looked at his mother with a smile and said, “But Mother, other mothers also want to be proud of their children, and that would be impossible if I were
always first.”


A. What excuse did Peter give for not being first? (Which is the correct answer?)
1. He wanted other mothers to be proud of their children.
2. He didn’t like his teacher.
3. He didn’t go to school every day.
4. He liked his friends.
B. Find antonyms for these words and their parts of speech.
1. last year ______________
2. good _____________
3. praised _____________
4. ashamed _____________
5. the worst _____________
6. a long time _____________
7. possible _____________
8, never _____________
9. teacher _____________
10. the grown man _____________

C. Rewrite these sentences. Change the verbs to the negative.
1. He got a good mark.

2. I was proud of you.
_______________________________________________________________
3. He thought a long time.

4. He looked at his mother.
____________________________________________________________________
5. I am always first.

6. Write your own sentences:
a. (a statement)
_________________________________________________________________

b. (Make the same statement negative.)


D. Tag questions follow statements. Always use the same tense.
Examples: a. Your daughter lives with you, doesn’t she?
b. Your daughter doesn’t live with you, does she?
c. You lived in China before you came here, didn’t you?
d. You were late yesterday, weren’t you

1. He got a good mark, __________________________?

2. He writes emails to his friends every day, ____________________?

3. Her friend was very nervous at her wedding, _________________?

4. Your husband thought about the problem for a long time _________________?

5. Many people are in economic trouble, __________________?
6. Your wife won’t be cooking tonight ____________________?
7. She isn’t feeling well, _____________________?
Write two sentences and add tag questions to them:
8.

9.________________________________________________________





E. Answer the questions in Section D.
Examples: a. No, she doesn’t. or Yes, she does.
b. Yes, she does. or No, she doesn’t.
c. Yes, I did. or No, I didn’t.
d. Yes, I was. or No, I wasn’t.

1.______________________________

2. ______________________________

3. ______________________________

4. ______________________________

5. ______________________________

6. ______________________________

7. ______________________________

8. ______________________________

9. ______________________________

F. GRAMMAR
CONDITIONAL – contrary to fact in the present/future
IF clause + simple past result clause WOULD/COULD + base form of verb
Examples: If I had enough money, I would/could buy a new car.
If I were* rich, I would take a trip to Australia.
If he went to Las Vegas, he would have a great time.

• In contrary-to-fact sentences with IF, use WERE for all subjects not “was”
If the weather were nicer, we’d go to the beach.

“If I were always first, it would be impossible for other mothers to be proud of their children.”

1. If I (have) __________ more time, I _____________________________________.
2. If I (know) __________ how to swim, I ___________________________________.
3. If it (be) ______________Saturday, I _____________________________________.
4. If money (grow) on trees, we all (be) _____________________________________.
5. My husband is very tired. If he (be not) ______________________so tired, he (go)
_______________________ to the movies with you.
6. My friend (drive) _____________________ if she (pass) ______________________ her driver’s test.
7. She (go) ____________________ to Singapore if airplane tickets (be) __________________ less expensive.
8. What would you do if you were a photographer?
If I

9. What would you do if you had a new car?
If I

10. What could you buy if you had a million dollars?
If I
_______________________________________________________________________
F. CONVERSATION
Please talk to your partner and then write your opinions.
If you were not successful in something that you really wanted to succeed in, how would you feel about yourself? Also, how do you think other people would judge you?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Here’s an expression you can think about:

If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again.

Rock Around The Clock (1956)

1.
One, two, three o'clock, four o'clock, rock,
Five, six, seven o'clock, eight o'clock, rock,
Nine, ten, eleven o'clock, twelve o'clock, rock,
We're gonna rock around the clock tonight.

Put your glad rags on and join me, hon,
We'll have some fun when the clock strikes one,

CHORUS
We're gonna rock around the clock tonight,
We're gonna rock, rock, rock, 'til broad daylight.
We're gonna rock, gonna rock, around the clock tonight.

2.
When the clock strikes two, three and four,
If the band slows down we'll yell for more,
CHORUS
3.
When the chimes ring five, six and seven,
We'll be right in seventh heaven.
CHORUS
4.
When it's eight, nine, ten, eleven too,
I'll be goin' strong and so will you.
CHORUS

5.
When the clock strikes twelve, we'll cool off then,
Start a rockin' round the clock again.
CHORUS

VOCABULARY

1. Rock around the clock. Rock refers to rock dancing – dancing to rock ‘n’ roll music.


2. Gonna is slang for going to (future be + going to (infinitive)
Example: a. I’m going to go to school tomorrow.
Slang: I’m gonna go to school tomorrow.

b. She’s going to leave early today.
Slang: She’s gonna leave early today.

c. Are you going to play mahjong this evening?
Slang: Are you gonna play mahjong this evening?

Your turn:
d. We_____________________________________________
Slang: We’re gonna rock around the clock tonight.

e. Write your own sentence using standard English using be + going to + infinitive

Say (and write ) this same sentence using gonna .

3. Look at the song and write synonyms or idioms for these words:
A. fancy clothes ___________________________________
B. sweetheart ____________________________________
C. When it becomes one o’clock. ________________________________
D. A group of musicians _________________________________________
E. Very very happy ______________________________________________
F. Not too tired to stop __________________________________________
G. Stop for a while _____________________________________________
H. the time when the sun is shining ________________________________

4. RHYMES
A rhyme is a repetition of similar sounds in two or more words and is most often used in poetry and songs. Eat rhymes with meat
Made rhymes with aid
The spelling does not have to be the same. The SOUNDS have to be the same.

What words rhyme in the song?
Example: A. FUN and ONE rhyme with HON’.
Talk to your partner and find the other rhymes.
B. daylight rhymes with _______________________________
C. more ____________________________________________
D. heaven _____________________________________________
E. you ___________________________________________________
F. again ___________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

How do you say ALSO, that you do or do not do the same thing.
Examples: A: I am a student. B: So am I. (verb to be)
A: I have two sisters. B: So do I.
(verb to have, in present tense, use do or does)
A: She has two sisters. B: So does Sally.
A: I bought a book for my class. B: So did I.
(verb to buy in past tense use did)
A: I will be here tomorrow. B: So will I.
A: I will take the exam on Monday. B: So will she.
A: She’s going to a movie tonight. B: So is her friend.

Your turn: Please write a sentence and ask your partner to agree with you or say that s/he is, does, or will do the same thing:

1.______________________________________________________________________

2.______________________________________________________________________

3.______________________________________________________________________

4.______________________________________________________________________



Do you like to dance? What kind of dancing do you like to do? Do you know how to rock ‘n’ roll dance? Do you think rock dancing is only for young people? Why or why not?

Talk to your partner and then write your own thoughts.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Rock 'N' Roll Bands

What are some of the characteristics of rock music? There are three basic parts, and these depend on the drummer, the guitarists, and the singer. The drummer plays loud, complicated rhythms. These serve as a foundation for the entire song. The guitarists provide the melody and harmony. The singer or singers sing loudly above all the music; they sing about today’s problems and about today’s youth. Sometimes these three elements blend into a beautiful musical experience; sometimes they produce only noise. Good or bad, this is rock music – the popular music of all young people and some older people today.
VOCABULARY
1. Look at the story. Find these words. Tell me what part of speech you think they are. (noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition)
a. characteristics ___________________________________
b. basic ___________________________________
c. complicated ____________________________________
d. rhythms ____________________________________
e. foundation ____________________________________
f. entire ____________________________________
g. the melody ____________________________________
h. the harmony ____________________________________
i. elements ____________________________________
j. youth ___________________________________
k. blend ___________________________________
l. musical ____________________________________
m. produce ___________________________________
n. noise ____________________________________
o. popular ____________________________________
p. young ____________________________________
q. older ___________________________________
r. people ____________________________________

2. Give synonyms for these words and definitions:
a. fundamental ______________________________________
b. intricate______________________________________
c. whole______________________________________
d. give______________________________________
e. young people______________________________________
f. features that distinguish people or things __________________
g. the tempo or speed of a beat (in music) -------____________________
h. anything that accompanies the melody. Often it can occur as chords,
which are simply a few notes played simultaneously. _____________
i. parts of the whole thing _____________________
j. approved by the general public ______________________



GRAMMAR
Adverbs add to the verb Many adverbs end in “ly”
Adverbs answer the questions How? When? Where?
Example: She drives slowly. He drives fast. (How fast does s/he drive?)
1. They sing loudly.
Your turn:
2. ____________________________________softly.
3. _____________________________________badly.
4. _______________________________________beautifully.
5. ______________________________________clearly.
6. ______________________________________well.

Draw a line from the players in Column 1 to the instruments in Column 2
1 2
pianist guitar
violinist drums
guitarist flute
drummer cello
cellist violin
flutist piano

Your turn: Please write sentences using the words in the above exercise:
1. ________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________________
5. ________________________________________________________
6.________________________________________________________
CONVERSATION
Talk to your partner. Then write your answers in complete sentences.
1. How many basic parts are there in rock music?


2. Who plays the loud rhythms?



3. What do the guitarists provide?



4. What do rock songs tell about?



5. Is rock music always beautiful?



6. What kind of music do you like? Why do you like that kind of music?

When You're Smiling

When you're smiling,
When you're smiling,
The whole world smiles with you.

When you're laughing,
When you're laughing,
The sun comes shining through.

But when you're crying,
You bring on the rain.
So stop your sighing.
Be happy again.

Keep on smiling.
‘Cause when you're smiling
The whole world smiles with you


A: GRAMMAR

Present Continuous Tense = verb to be + ing
happening right now
Or happening in the future

Examples: I am listening to you right now.
I am spending time with my mother this weekend.
And ….. I am going to spend time with my mother this weekend.


Look at the words in this song, and write the present continuous tense verbs:
1.
2.
3.
4.


Are there other ING words? What are they? How are they used?

5.
6.

B: What’s the difference between WHOLE and ALL THE ?
Examples: I ate the whole banana.
She read the whole book.

Please write all the (your) information.
All the furniture was made in Mexico.
I heard all the news.

Please write two sentences:
(the whole) ________________________________________________________
(all the/ ___________________________________________________________

My whole your whole his whole etc.
My whole family loves to watch soccer.
____________________________________________________________________

All my brothers live in China.
all my /all your/ all his/ all her/ all our/ all their )


C: CONVERSATION Talk to your partner. Then write what you think.

How can your mood change a situation? Talk about MOODS with your partner.
Are you ever in a happy mood? a sad mood? an angry mood?

The Boy Who Cried Wolf

A shepherd boy who took care of his sheep not far from a village, used to amuse himself by crying out, “Wolf, wolf!” Two or three times his trick succeeded. Everyone in the village came running to help him; however, when they arrived, the boy just laughed.
One day, a wolf really did come; and when the boy cried out in his loudest voice, nobody paid any attention to him. Not only did nobody pay any attention to him, the wolf ate his sheep.
The boy learned, too late, that people will not believe liars even when they tell the truth.

The moral of this story (what you can learn from this story) is this: NEVER CRY WOLF.

**************************
When we think a person is calling for help and really doesn’t need it, we often say this:
“I think s/he’s just crying wolf.”

A: Why didn’t anybody help the boy? Circle the correct answer.
1. Nobody heard him call.
2. The wolf really came.
3. He didn’t cry “wolf.”
4. Nobody believed him.

B: Find synonyms in the reading above for these verbs:
1. watch over; care for_______________________________________
2. had the desired result ______________________________________
3. have a good time; spend the time pleasantly__________________________





C. Write antonyms for these words. Also, tell me what part of speech the words are.
(PART OF SPEECH) ANTONYMS
1. near (preposition) _______________________________
2. whispering (noun) ______________________________
3. failed (______________) _______________________________
4. cried (______________) _______________________________
5. left (______________) _______________________________
6. did go (______________) _______________________________
7. weakest (______________) _______________________________
8. soon (______________) _______________________________
9. everybody (______________) _______________________________
10. lie (______________) _______________________________

D. He used to amuse himself by crying out, “Wolf, wolf.”
used to
means something that no longer exists or no longer is done or you do completely differently.
Examples:
a. I used to smoke, but I don’t do it any more.
b. .My friend used to live in China, but now she lives in the United States.
c. I never used to take the bus, but now I take it every day.
d. She didn’t use to use the Internet to look up spelling words, but now she uses it all the time.
Please write two sentences –
1. something you USED TO DO but don’t do now


2. something you DIDN’T USE TO DO but you do now


E. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS: I do it myself. We ………ourselves
You …….yourself You ……..yourselves
He ………himself They……..themselves
She………herself
It…………itself
Write new sentences using the words given: He amused himself by crying out, “Wolf.”

1. _________________________playing video games.
2. _________________________watching television.
3. __________________________listening to CDs.
4. __________________________reading comics.
5. _________________________collecting stamps.




F. Rewrite the complete sentences:
1. A shepherd ______ _____________ ______ ____ his sheep.
2. He __________ ____ amuse himself by crying out.
3. _______________ in the village came to help him.
4. The boy ________________ laughed.
5. ______________paid any attention to him.

G. .Write Yes/No questions. Then answer with a short answer.
1. The boy took care of sheep.


___________________________
2. His trick succeeded a few times.


___________________________
3. Everyone in the village helped him.


___________________________
4. A wolf really did come.


___________________________
5. The wolf ate his sheep.


___________________________

H.Write another word you know that comes from the same family as the first word.
Then write a sentence using these words.


1. shepherd (noun) sheep (noun)
a. -------_________________________________________________________
b. -------_________________________________________________________
2. success (noun) __________________________ (adj.)
a. -------_________________________________________________________
b. -------_________________________________________________________
3. arrival (noun) ___________________________ (verb)
a. -------_________________________________________________________
b. -------_________________________________________________________
4. strength (noun) ___________________________ (adj.)
a. -------_________________________________________________________
b. -------_________________________________________________________
5. attentive (adj.) ___________________________ (noun)
a. -------_________________________________________________________
b. -------_________________________________________________________
6. lie (verb) ____________________________ (noun)
a. -------_________________________________________________________
b. -------_________________________________________________________

I. CONVERSATION Talk to your partner. Then write your answer.
Why do you think some people cry wolf?

Little Robert

Little Robert asked his mother for two cents.
“What did you do with the money I gave you yesterday?
“I gave it to a poor old lady,” he answered.
“You’re a good boy,” said the mother proudly. “Here are two cents more. But, tell me, why are you so interested in the old lady?
“She’s the one who sells the candy.”

A. Why did Robert want money?
1. He wanted to help an old lady.
2. He wanted to put it in his bank.
3. He wanted to buy some candy.
4. He wanted to save it.

B. Find (adjective) antonyms from the reading above.
1. big _________________
2. tomorrow___________________
3. rich ______________________
4. young __________________
5. bad __________________




C. Write new sentences with the words given.
Example: He’s a good boy.
1. _______________handsome __________________________
2. _______________strong _____________________________
3. _______________poor ______________________________
4. _______________proud _____________________________
5. _______________weak ______________________________

D. Complete these sentences:
1. Robert ___________________his mother for two cents.
2. “What ____________________you do with the money?
3. “I ________________ it to a poor old lady.”
4. “Why are you so __________________ in the old lady?

E. Write questions using Who, What, When, Where, Why, How much, How many, How far, How often, depending on the underlined word.
1. Robert asked for money. ________________________________________________
2. Robert asked for money.
________________________________________________
3. He asked for two cents. ________________________________________________
4. The lady sells candy in the afternoon. ________________________________________________
5. Robert’s mother gave him some money. ________________________________________________
Write a WHY question about Robert?
6. ________________________________________________


F. CONVERSATION

A LIE = noun
TO LIE = verb lie/lies lied lied
TO TELL A LIE = verb + noun

What is A LITTLE WHITE LIE? A little white lie is a lie you tell so \you won’t harm the other person or so you can benefit by not saying anything.
Do you think it’s OK to tell a “little white lie”?

Example: You tell someone you like their new hairdo; but in fact, you don’t like it at all.

What do you think about telling a little white lie? Talk to your partner and then write your opinion.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Friendship is Like Money

1. Friendship is like money. It is easier to make than to keep. Sincere friends are rare, and we treasure friendships.

VOCABULARY
• Words that have similar meanings are synonyms. Look at the sentences above and find the synonyms.

1. What adjective means true? ________________
Please use this word in your own sentence.
YOUR TURN _________________________________________________________
2. What adjective means uncommon? _____________________
YOUR TURN _________________________________________________________
3. What verb means keep because it means a lot to you, you cherish it ______________
YOUR TURN _________________________________________________________
• Words that have the opposite meanings are antonyms. What words in the sentences above are antonyms?

1. harder ____________
Please use this word in your own sentence.
YOUR TURN _________________________________________________________
2. to break ________________
YOUR TURN _________________________________________________________
3. common _____________
YOUR TURN _________________________________________________________





GRAMMAR
Comparisons with like Friendship is like money.
1. My husband sleeps like a log.
Logs just lie there and don’t move.
When my husband sleeps, he just lies there and doesn’t move, so he sleeps like a log.
2. Question: When comparing friendship to money, how are they similar (alike)?
Answer: You can make a friend. You can also make money.
3. Mary is like a pig.
Question: How is she like a pig? How are they similar?
Answer: ___________________________________________________
CONVERSATION
1. Do you think money is easier to make than to keep? Tell me what you think and why?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

2. Do you think friends are easier to make than to keep? Tell me what you think and why?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
3. Is it true that friends are like money, easier to make than to keep? What do you think?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

4. Make a check. √
Not necessarily Important
A. Friends keep confidences. __________ _________
B. Friends are loyal. __________ _________
C. Friends show warmth and affection. __________ _________
D. Friends are supportive. __________ _________
E. Friends have similar occupations. __________ _________
F. Friends make similar income. __________ _________
G. Friends are physically attracted to
each other. __________ _________
H. My friends are about my age. __________ _________
I. Friends have similar education. __________ _________

5. What other qualities make a good friendship?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. CONVERSATION Friends can be good medicine.
Explain what you think this sentence means. Give an example.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
©Gati 2009

Music Alone Shall Live

Make new friends,
but keep the old.
One is silver,
and the other’s gold.
Pronunciation
The before a vowel sound makes “the” “theeeeeee”
For example:
1. The other class is in room 104.
2. The apple is on the table.
3. The eggs are in the fridge.
4. The ice cream store sells chocolate, strawberry, and vanilla.
5. The opposite of small is big.
6. The umbrella is in the closet.
7. The hour is over. There’s no more time today.
But . . .
1. The University of California at Berkeley is a good school.
YOUR TURN Please write a sentence with “the” and a vowel word following it.

______________________________________________________________
Grammar One and the other
For example:
1. I have two sisters.


One is 5 years old, and the other is 7.
2. One of my books is new, and the others are used.



YOUR TURN. Please write a sentence using One and the other.
3.
______________________________________________________________

When talking about new and old friends, what does it mean: One is silver, and the other’s gold? Please talk to your partner and then write what you think.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________©Gati2009

Pick Yourself Up

From the Film: Swing Time 1936 (Lyrics by: Dorothy Fields / Music by: Jerome Kern)

Fred Astaire & Ginger Rogers
[She: I can’t teach you anything.]
(He)
Please teacher, teach me something,
Nice teacher, teach me something.
I'm as awkward as a camel, that's not the worst,
My two feet haven't met yet,
But I'll be teacher's pet yet,
'Cause I'm gonna learn to dance or burst.

(She)
Nothing's impossible I have found,
For when my chin is on the ground,
I pick myself up,
Dust myself off,
Start All over again.

Don't lose your confidence if you slip,
Be grateful for a pleasant trip,
And pick yourself up,
Dust yourself off,
Start all over again.

Work like a soul inspired,
Till the battle of the day is won.
You may be sick and tired,
But you'll be a man, my son!

Will you remember the famous men,
Who had to fall to rise again?
So take a deep breath,
Pick yourself up,
Dust yourself off,
Start all over again.




(He)
I'll get some self-assurance
If your endurance is great.
I'll learn by easy stages
If you're courageous and wait.

To feel the strength I want to,
I must hang on to your hand,
Maybe by the time I'm fifty
I'll get up and do a nifty.
[All right I’ll show you again.
Remember, three steps to the left, three steps to the right and turn.[
Pick yourself up,
Dust yourself off,
Start all over again.
[No one can teach you to dance in a million years.]

VOCABULARY

1. From the song, fill in the words that have the same or similar meanings.
I’m as awkward as a camel.
a. I can’t dance very well. I’m clumsy and unable to move like a dancer.
I’m ________________.

I’m awkward, and that’s not the worst (of it).
I am MORE THAN awkward. My left foot doesn’t know what my right foot is doing.
(My two feet haven’t met yet.)



2. Superlatives as nouns.

1. the worst the fattest the heaviest the most expensive
the best
the farthest

Examples: a. He is the worst driver I know. (adjective + noun)
aa. He’s the worst and I’m the best. (noun)

b. This is the heaviest backpack I have ever carried. (adjective + noun)
bb. Mine is the lightest and yours is the heaviest. (noun)

From the song:

3. teacher’s pet noun But I’ll be the teacher’s pet
a. The teacher like James the best. He is the _________________________ .

4. I’m going to dance or burst. verb
a. He was chewing bubble gum. He blew a big bubble and then it burst. (boom!)
b. The balloon burst.
c. I’m going to learn English or _______. (fall down, collapse without any strength),

5. Don’t lose your confidence. Noun also self-assurance
a. She believes in herself and her abilities. She has _________________________.
b. I have ___________________ in myself.

c. Adjectives: confident and self-assured.
She feels ______________ and she is _______________________ .
d. I feel ________________ and I ______________________________ .

6. If you slip, you might hurt yourself. verb
a. The floor was wet and I ___________________________ .

7. a pleasant trip trip has two meanings here:
a. a journey (noun) and
b. a fall (noun) to fall (verb)
c. It was an awful __________. I _____________ on the sidewalk.

8. to fall: to fall down; to fall from power (like a King or politician)
a. George Bush was once a powerful man, but he ______________ from power.

9. Work like a soul (noun) / inspired (adjective).
A soul = a person
a. Every person has rights. Every living _______________ can live a good live.
b. He made me feel enthused, thrilled, exhilarated. I was ________________ .

10. Take a deep breath.
a. The doctor told me to _____________________________________.
b. When you are nervous and worried, stop and __________________________

11. If your endurance is great, you can continue for a long time.
a. I have a lot of ____________________. I can walk five miles and not get tired.

12. I’ll learn by easy stages. (noun)
a. English is difficult, so I must learn it step by step. Little by little I will learn it.
b. When you learn to dance, you also learn it ___________________________ .

13. strength (noun)
a. The quality of being mentally and physically strong is to have strength.
b. He has ________________ in his arms.

14. I’ll get up and do a nifty [first-rate, very good move, turn, dance step]. (adjective)
a. You look quite ________________________________
b. She did a _________________ dance step.

15. NOUNS ADJECTIVES

Confidence confident
Self-assurance self-assured
Strength strong
The worst bad worse than
Courage courageous
Inspiration inspired

YOUR TURN:
Write a sentence using each of these words:
1. Confidence
____________________________________________________________________
2. confident
____________________________________________________________________
3. self-assurance
____________________________________________________________________
4. self-assured
___________________________________________________________________
5. strength

6. strong
____________________________________________________________________

7. the worst
____________________________________________________________________
8. worse than

____________________________________________________________________
9. courage
____________________________________________________________________
10. courageous

____________________________________________________________________

IDIOMS
1. Sick and tired You’ll be sick and tired.
a. I don’t want to answer the telephone during dinner. I’m _____________________
of those bothersome phone calls.
b. I’m __________________________ of waiting for late busses. I’m going to call
the MUNI office and complain.

2.You’ll be a man, my son.
a. I know it is difficult when things go wrong, but you will learn a lot.from difficult circumstances. These difficult things will help you grow up. _______________________________________________

2. What words rhyme with what?

a. worst rhymes with burst
b. _________________ rhymes with __________________
c. _________________ rhymes with __________________
d. _________________ rhymes with __________________
e. _________________ rhymes with __________________
f. _________________ rhymes with __________________
g. _________________ rhymes with __________________
h. _________________ rhymes with __________________

GRAMMAR
1. Find all the verb commands. Circle them within the song. Then write them in a list.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.

CONVERSATION

1. Who is teaching whom to do what?

____________________________________________________________________

2. What advice does the woman give the man? (Use an infinitive in your answer.)
She tells him
___a._________________________________________________________________

___b._________________________________________________________________

___c._________________________________________________________________

___d._________________________________________________________________

___e._________________________________________________________________

___f._________________________________________________________________

___g._________________________________________________________________

3.
If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again is an English proverb.
The meaning is similar to the refrain of the song:
Pick yourself up,
Dust yourself off,
Start all over again.

What does it mean to you?

Pres. Obama's Inaugural Speech 1-20-09

January 20, 2009
(SOURCE PHOTO NEW YORK TIMES & TEXT FROM THE WHITE HOUSE 20/01/2009)
President Barack Obama’s Inaugural Address

Inaugural Address
By President Barack Hussein Obama

“. . . We remain the most prosperous, powerful nation on Earth. Our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began. Our minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week, or last month, or last year. Our capacity remains undiminished. But our time of standing pat, of protecting narrow interests and putting off unpleasant decisions — that time has surely passed. Starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking America.”
http://zebrambizi.wordpress.com/2009/01/23/president-barak-obamas-inaugural-address/

GRAMMAR

1. Please write down every verb you see in the excerpt of President Obama’s Inaugural Speech. Also tell me what the SUBJECT of each VERB is. Make a √ under the tense.
SUBJECT VERB Present Tense Past Tense Present Perfect base form
a. We remain √ to remain

b. ___________________________________________________________
c. ___________________________________________________________
d. ___________________________________________________________
e. ___________________________________________________________
f. ___________________________________________________________
g. ___________________________________________________________
h. ___________________________________________________________
i. ___________________________________________________________
j. ____________________________________________________________


2. to pass Present tense Past Tense past participle
pass/es passed passed
Examples:
a. I want to pass my {citizenship, driver’s license, typing,______________ test.
b. I never pass any tests the first time I take them.
c. She always passes her tests with “A”s.
d. He passed the math test, but he didn’t pass the English test.
e. I have not passed my driving test yet.
YOUR TURN
f. (pass or passes)
_______________________________________________________
g. (passed) ________________________________________________________

3. must is a modal. Use modals with base form verbs (but NOT with infinitives!)
“Must” means It is necessary or essential.
Examples:
a. We must pick ourselves up. We must dust ourselves off. We must begin again.
b. I must learn English grammar before I can speak the language well.

YOUR TURN What is essential or necessary for you to do? Answer with MUST.

______________________________________________________________________


2
VOCABULARY

Find words in the story and fill in the blanks with the word (using good grammar – nouns, verbs, adjectives).

1. I don’t want to go back to China. I want to ________________ here.

2. He is a rich man. He is ____________________.

3. May went to the market, did her laundry, and cooked lunch – all before noon. She was very _____________________________ .

4. The economy is bad. People have lost their jobs. There is a _____________ in the country.

5. She always has new and good ideas. She’s very creative and _______________ .

6. All the merchandise they sell comes from China. I like their ________________ .

7. The hotel provides meals in your room (room service), does your laundry, and shines your shoes. We like their ______________________ .

8. We are able to do a lot of things. We even have the _________________ to do more.

9. I believe as I have always believed. I’m going to do as I have always done. I’m not going to change and do something else. I’m going to __________________ .

10. Some streets are wide and others are ______________________. (So are shoes.)

11. There is no question that I will come to your party. I will ____________ be there.

12. She fell down but wasn’t really hurt, so she ______________ herself ______
and walked home.

13. He fell down and got his clothes dirty. He then stood up and ____________
himself _______.

14. You can make yourself a better person. You can redo your image so people see
you differently. You can ___________ yourself.



15. Prefix “un” means NOT and makes the adjective negative
undiminished unpleasant unnecessary
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3


CONVERSATION (Please talk to your partner first. Then write your answers in complete sentences.)

1. What is the President’s full name? ____________________________________

2. What’s his wife’s name? ___________________________________________

3. In the picture, why is he raising his right hand? ________________________________________________________________

4. What is he doing with his left hand? ________________________________________________________________

5. This is an excerpt from what speech? ________________________________________________________________

6. When did he give this speech? ________________________________________________________________

7. Where did he give this speech? ________________________________________________________________

8. Why did he give this speech? ________________________________________________________________

9. Why did President Obama say, “We must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off,
and begin again the work of remaking America”?

The He-Toad and the She-Toad

A tree toad loved a she-toad
who lived up in a tree.
He was a two-toed tree toad,
but a three-toed toad was she.
The two-toed tree toad tried to win
the three-toed she-toad's heart,
For the two-toed tree toad loved the ground
That the three-toed tree toad trod. (1)

But the two-toed tree toad tried in vain. (2)
He couldn't please her whim. (3)
From her tree toad bower (4)
With her three-toed power,
The she-toad vetoed him. (5)
_______________________________________________________________
VOCABULARY
a tree toad = any frog that spends a major portion of its life in a tree
(Toads usually have 4 front toes, and 5 back toes.)

1. trod (v) = past tense of tread [pronounced like “red”]
The two-toed tree toad loved the ground that the three-toed tree toad trod.
(a) drove
(b) jumped
(c) walked on, walked over, or walked along.

We often say that when someone is in love, he loves the ground his lover (she) walks on.

2. tried in vain = to try but end in failure
For example: He looked for her in vain but he never found her.
(a) in the closet
(b) without success; ending in failure
(c) win the lotto

3. whim (n) = a sudden desire (She had a sudden whim to take a midnight walk.
They went to Hawaii on a whim.)

“He couldn’t please her whim.”
(a) She kept changing her mind.
(b) He was not happy with her.
(c) She had another frog friend.

3. bower (n) = She looked at the he-toad from her bower
(a) a pretty flower
(b) a shaded leafy place
(d) water

4. vetoed (v) = past tense of to veto
(a) rejected; said “no”
(b) voted
(c) cut her toe

GRAMMAR

1. Notice when you tell about something, you start with “a” .
A tree toad loved a she toad.

2. Then you can say “He” or “She” or “The” (“It”).
He was a two-toed tree toad.
The two-toed tree toad loved the ground she walked on.

When you tell about something. You start with “A”.
For example: a. I have a sister. She lives in Hong Kong.
b. We went to a movie. It was good.
c. She saw a house she wanted to buy, but the house was too expensive.
YOUR TURN: d. (Write a sentence with “a” )
_______________________________________________________________________

e. (Tell me more about “d” above.)
________________________________________________________________________


CONVERSATION

1. What is this poem about?
________________________________________________________________________

2. How did the story end?


3. Who do you think is more powerful in love, a man or a woman? Tell me why.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Gati©2009

The Stolen Car

Mr. Smith left his car outside his apartment one night, as usual; but when he came down the next morning to go to his office, he discovered that the car wasn’t there. He called the police and told them what had happened, and they said that they would try to find the car.
When Mr. Smith came home from his office that evening, the car was back again in its usual place in front of his house. He examined it carefully to see whether it had been damaged and found two theater tickets on one of the seats and a letter which said:
“We’re very sorry. We took your car because of an emergency.”
Mr. And Mrs. Smith went to the theater with the two tickets the next night and enjoyed themselves very much. When they got home, they found that the thieves had taken almost everything that they had had in their apartment.

CHINESE PROVERB (saying): Fool me once, shame on you.
Fool me twice, shame on me.
VOCABULARY
Choose the meanings of the words. Then try using the words in your own sentences.
1. .as usual (He left his car outside his apartment, as usual.)
a. sometimes b. never c. usually
YOUR TURN ______________________________________________________
2. came down v. (When he came down, he discovered the car wasn’t there.
3. discovered v. (He discovered that the car wasn’t there.)
a. noticed or learned b. .took a picture c. drove the car awa
4. examined v. (He examined it carefully.)
a. went to the doctor for a check-up b. picked it up c. observed carefully; inspected
5. damaged adj. (Had it been damaged?)
a. hurt b. touched c. painted

GRAMMAR
1. Prepositional phrases (preposition + object) How many can you find in the story?
a. outside his apartment..
b. down the next morning.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
2. Reflexive pronouns.
Myself Yourself Himself /Herself/ Itself Ourselves Yourselves Themselves
Use these words only when the subject refers back to itself. For example:
a. I never have any help when I do my homework. I always do it myself.
b. She lives by herself. (She lives alone. No one lives with her.)
c. They built their home themselves. (No one helped them.)
YOUR TURN Write 2 sentences, one singular and one plural.
a. __________________________________________________________________
b. __________________________________________________________________


3. PAST PERFECT TENSE (HAD + past participle)
There are two past actions. Circle which past action happened first.
a. He told them what had happened.
b. He examined the car to see what had been damaged.
c. When they got home, they found the thieves had taken everything.
d. Everything that they had had in their apartment was gone.
YOUR TURN Underline the past perfect verbs. Then circle the first past action.
e. He had never seen an elephant until he went to the zoo.
f. I had eaten already, so I wasn’t hungry.
g. She hadn’t ever been to an American wedding until her sister got married.
f. ____________________________________________________________
CONVERSATION (Talk to your partner and then write the answer to the questions in complete sentences.)
1. What happened to Mr. Smith’s car? What did Mr. Smith do about it?
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Who returned the car and what did they leave for the Smiths?

3. What did Mr. Smith find on one of the seats in the car?
_____________________________________________________________________
4. What do you think the Chinese proverb means and what life lesson can you learn from this story?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
sgati©2009

The Train Trip

Six people were traveling in a compartment on a train. Five of them were quiet and well-behaved, but the sixth was a rude young man who was causing a lot of trouble to the other passengers.
Finally this young man took his two heavy bags and got out at a station. None of the passengers helped him, but one of them waited until the rude young man was very far away. He then opened the window and shouted to him, “You left something behind in the compartment!” Then he closed the window again.
The young man turned around and hurried back with his two bags. He was very tired when he arrived, but he shouted through the window, “What did I leave behind?”
As the train began to move again, the passenger who had called him back, opened the window and said, “a very bad impression!.”
VOCABULARY (Choose the correct answer.)
1. a compartment n. (Six people were traveling in a compartment on a train.)
a. a kitchen b. A separate room, section, or chamber c. an automobile
2. well-behaved adj. (Five of them were quiet and well-behaved.
a. rude b. polite c. nice-looking
3. bags n. (He got out with his two heavy bags.)
a. boxes b. notebooks c. luggage
4. impression n. (You left a very bad impression.)
a. An effect, feeling, or image retained as a consequence of an experience
b. Finger prints
c. A flower garden
5. What are the opposites of these words? Look at the story and write the words.
a. noisy (adj.) ____________________
b. polite (adj.) ____________________
c. shut (v.) ____________________
d. light (adj.) ____________________
e. near (preposition) ____________________
f. opened (v.) ____________________
g. whispered (v.) ____________________

GRAMMAR
The verb to be can be used with ING verbs
For example: I am studying now. (present continuous tense)
Yesterday I was doing my homework when the telephone rang. (past continuous)
1. What past continuous verbs are used in this story? a________________________________ b.______________________________________
YOUR TURN:
a. Please write a present continuous sentence.
_____________________________________________________________________
b. a past continuous verb
_____________________________________________________________________

2. Please circle and number the 17 past tense verbs in the story.

3. PAST PERFECT TENSE
This is a past tense, but it is used when there are two past actions, one happened before the other. The first action is the PAST PERFECT. For example:
a. As the train began to move again, the passenger who had called him back, opened the window and said, “a very bad impression!.”
b. I hadn’t seen my friend for two years. Then I saw him when he came to San Francisco on vacation. [PAST PERFECT is used when you know the past story.]
YOUR TURN. Try to write a PAST PERFECT sentence.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________





CONVERSATION (Talk to your partner and then write complete sentences for your answers.)
1. How many people were traveling in the same compartment on the train?
_____________________________________________________________________
2. How was the sixth passenger different from the other five?
_____________________________________________________________________
3. What did the young man leave behind?
_____________________________________________________________________
4. Do you think the man who shouted from the window did the right thing? Please explain why or why not? What would you have done?



sgati©2009

The Second-Hand Store

Jim walked into a store that had a sign outside: SECOND-HAND CLOTHES BOUGHT AND SOLD. He was carrying an old pair of pants and asked the owner of the store, “How much will you give me for these?
The man looked at them and then said rudely, “Two dollars.”
“What!” said Jim. “I had guessed they were worth at least five.”
“No,” said the man. “They aren’t worth a penny more than two dollars.”
“Are you sure?” asked Jim.
“Very sure,” said the man.
“Well,” said Jim, taking two dollars out of his pocket. “Here’s your money. These pants were hanging outside your store with a price tag that said $6.50, but I thought that was too much money, so I wanted to make sure how much they were really worth.”
Then he walked out of the store with the pair of pants and disappeared before the surprised store owner could think of anything to say. A SAYING: HE,WHO LAUGHS LAST LAUGHS BEST.
VOCABULARY
1. second-hand adj. [second-hand clothes]
(a) use both hands
(b) used
(c) inexpensive
2. sign n. [A store had a sign outside.]
(a) to write your signature
(b) stop
(c) a display to identify or advertise a place of business or a product
3. rude adj. (He’s a rude man.)
(a) insulting, bad-mannered, impolite
(b) bright red
(c) a long road

( rudely adverb The man spoke rudely.
The man rudely said, “Get out of here.”)
4. guess v. (I had guessed they were worth at least five dollars.)
(a) to be certain or to be sure
(b) to be uncertain or not to know for sure
(c) to be a visitor in someone’s house

5. a price tag n. (The price tag said $6.50.)
(a) the store name (b) a piece of paper telling the customer how much the merchandise is. (c) the name of the manufacturer

GRAMMAR
1. Circle and number all 18 past tense-verbs in this anecdote.
2. What are the two past continuous verbs?
a. ____________________________
b. ____________________________
3. There’s one future-tense verb. What is it? ___________________________
4, There’s one past-perfect tense verb. What is it? _______________________
5. What are the three present-tense verbs (all be verbs)
a. ____________________________
b. ____________________________
c. ____________________________
6. There’s one modal and a base form. What is this verb? ________________
7. WANT + infinitive (I wanted to make sure how much they were really worth.)
a. We want to go to a restaurant.
b. The bus driver always wants to see our transfers.
YOUR TURN: . Write a sentence using WANT + infinitive
c. _________________________________________________________
8. too + adjective (This structure gives a MORE THAN, negative idea)
Examples: a. I thought that was too much money.
b. $500 is too much money to spend for a sofa.
c. These pants are too tight for me.
d. too hot
too cold
too tired
too big
YOUR TURN: Write a sentence using too + an adjective.
e. _____________________________________________________________________

9. Find the adjectives for these nouns.
a. ____ ______________ store
b. ___________________ clothes
c. ____ ___________ pair
d. ___________________ pants
e. _____ _____________ tag
10. to be worth (some amount of ) money
a. I had guessed they were worth at least five dollars.
b. How much is your car worth? It’s worth $7000. (singular)
c. How much are these recycled bottles worth? They’re worth 5¢ each.
Read and practice this dialogue:
A: How much is your car worth?
B: I bought it for $15,000.
A: How much is it worth now?
B: It’s only worth $7000.
A: Cars depreciate, and they’re worth much less after you buy them.
B: I know. My car doesn’t run, so it’s not worth a penny. It’s worthless.
YOUR TURN: Write a sentence using be + worth or negative be + worth. examples:
(singular - TV, house, this book, my old typewriter/computer, my used car, my gold ring, this second-hand chair , ______________)
a. ___________________________________________________________________
(plural – these old clothes, these coins, these second-hand pants, ___________________)
b. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

11. Put these nouns in the MUCH or MANY column:
clothes, rice, people, music, bad economic news, men, children, coffee, homework
(You can use TOO with MUCH or MANY if you want.)
MUCH + a non-count noun (negative) MANY + plural count noun
_________________________ ________________________
_________________________ ________________________
_________________________ ________________________
12. YOUR TURN: Write three sentences using MUCH and MANY + nouns
a. _______________________________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________________________
c. _______________________________________________________________

[* a lot of and some can be used for non-count and count nouns.]






PASSIVE VOICE
SECOND-HAND CLOTHES BOUGHT AND SOLD. Second-hand clothes are bought and sold (by the storeowner).
ACTIVE VOICE
The owner buys and sells second-hand clothes.
1 2 3 4 5
infinitive present tense past tense present perfect tense past perfect tense passive voice
(has/have + past participle) (had + past participle) (be + past participle)
1. to buy buy/s bought has/have brought had brought is/are/was/were brought
1. I always buy mushrooms at Safeway.
2. I bought mushrooms at Safeway last week.
3. I have already bought mushrooms for dinner.
4. My husband went shopping and bought mushrooms, but I had already bought mushrooms. I told him to ask me before he goes shopping next time.
5. Mushrooms were bought by my husband.



2. to sell ___________ ___________ ______________ _____________ _______________________

Write an ACTIVE SENTENCE using the verb sell (subject, verb, object) in any tense.

Now, write the same sentence in PASSIVE VOICE using the verb sell ( subject and verb NO OBJECT) in any tense.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. to kill ___________ ___________ ______________ _____________ _______________________
Write an ACTIVE SENTENCE using the verb kill (subject, verb, object) in any tense.

Now, write the same sentence in PASSIVE VOICE using the verb kill ( subject and verb NO OBJECT) in any tense.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. to take (something) ___________ ___________ ______________ _____________ _______________

Write an ACTIVE SENTENCE using the verb take (subject, verb, object) in any tense.

Now, write the same sentence in PASSIVE VOICE using the verb take ( subject and verb NO OBJECT) in any tense.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

CONVERSATION Talk to your partner and then write your answers in complete sentences.
1. What was the man’s name in the anecdote (short funny story)? ________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What kind of store did Jim go into?
________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Did Jim want to buy or sell the pants?
________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. What is the opposite of “rude”? and Who spoke rudely?
________________________________________________________________________________________________
How much were the pants, according to the price tag?

5. How much did Jim pay the storeowner for the pants?
________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Who had the last laugh? And why?

________________________________________________________________________________________________ sgati©2009

The Cleverest Son

Once there lived an old man who had three sons. When he grew old and ill and knew that he would soon die, he called all three sons into his room.
He said, “There is no way I can divide the house and farm to support all three of you. The one who proves himself the cleverest will inherit the house and farm. There is a coin on the table for each of you. The one who can buy something that will fill this room will inherit all I own.
The eldest son took his coin, went straight to the marketplace, and filled his wagon full of straw.
The second [middle] son thought a bit longer then also went to the marketplace where he bought sacks and sacks of feathers.
The youngest son thought and then quietly went to a little shop. He bought two small things and tucked them into his pocket.

That night, the father called them in to show what they had bought. The eldest son spread his straw all over the floor, but it filled only one part of the room.
The second son dumped out his sacks of feathers, but they filled only two corners of the room.
Then the youngest son smiled, pulled the two small things out of his pocket, and they soon filled the room.
“Yes,” said the father. “You are the cleverest and have filled my room when others could not. You shall inherit my house and farm.”

QUESTION: What had the youngest son bought, and with what did he fill the room?
ANSWER: He had bought a match and a candle, and they filled the room with light.

VOCABULARY
1. called v. past tense (He called all three sons into his room.)
a. phoned them b. asked them to come into his room c. scolded his sons
2. inherit v. (The one who proves himself the cleverest will inherit the house and farm.)
a. receive the money and/or items of a person (usually a relative) who dies
b. put something inside here
c. sew her clothes
3. the eldest (son) adjective (The eldest son took his coin.)
a. the tallest b. the thinnest c. the oldest
4. tucked v. past tense (He bought two small things and tucked them into his pocket.)
a. inserted b. took c. hid

GRAMMAR
Who clauses Example sentences:
1. An old man who had three sons lived a long time ago.
2. The one who proves himself the cleverest will inherit the house and farm.
3. The one who can buy something that will fill this room will inherit all I own.
4. My husband is the one who earns the money in our family.
5. Her children are the ones who play video games all evening.
YOUR TURN Write two sentences.
6. (the one who) ________________________________________________________
7. (the ones who) ________________________________________________________

8. Find all the future tense verbs. (will or shall + base form of the verb)
a. b. c.
YOUR TURN Write a sentence using a future tense verb.
________________________________________________________________________
9. What does would mean in this clause?
When he grew old and ill and knew that he would soon die . . .
Has he died yet? ____yes ____no
YOUR TURN Please finish these sentences and recall some of your past life.
a. When I was young, I would ______________________________________________
b. When my parents told me to do homework, I would ___________________________
c. On the weekends when I was in _____________(home country), I would _________ ________________________________________________________________________
d. ______________________________________________________________________
10. Circle all the past-tense verbs in the story. How many can you find?

11. Superlatives
Find the three superlatives used in the story. Then tell the adjective that they come from.
a. ________________________ _____________________
b. ________________________ _____________________
c. ________________________ ______________________
one-syllable adjective
big bigger than the biggest I ate the biggest bowl of rice.
two-syllable adjective or adjectives ending in “y”
heavy heavier than the heaviest She picked up the heaviest piece of luggage.
Three or more-syllable adjective
Interesting more interesting than the most interesting
Last night I saw the most interesting TV program.
YOUR TURN Please write your own sentence using the superlative with a noun.
12._____________________________________________________________________

Try writing a superlative without the noun -- the biggest. For example:
There were three books in the store that I liked, and I bought the cheapest.
the least/most expensive.
13. ____________________________________________________________________






CONVERSATION Please talk to a partner and then write complete sentences.
1. How many daughters did the old man have? ___________________________
2. What did the father want to give his sons and why?

3. What was the father’s plan?

4. What did the eldest son buy?

5. What did the middle son buy?

6. What did the youngest son buy?
7. Who inherited the father’s property? Why did he inherit everything? __________________________________________________________________
8. What would you have done if your father had presented you with this same problem? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Gati©2009

Two Mothers

Once, a long time ago, there lived a man who had two wives, but only the younger one had given birth to a son. To protect her son from the older jealous wife, the younger wife gave the boy to the older one to raise as her own.
All went well until the father of the child died, and the two wives began to fight as to who owned the house and who owned the boy who was to inherit everything. After much arguing, the issue was finally taken to the king. Wanting to solve it as quickly as possible, the king called in both women and the boy.
The king said to the two wives, “As with all things, the stronger will win. The one who can hold onto the boy shall hold him forever.” The king then had each woman take hold of one of the boy’s arms and told them to pull. Instantly, the boy cried out in pain and then found himself in a heap on the floor with the older wife.
“We have our proof who the true mother is,” said the king. “He will live with the younger wife.”
“But I pulled harder, “ protested the older wife.
“Yes,” said the king, “and you lost.”

QUESTION FOR YOU.
How did the king know who the boy’s real mother was?

THE ANSWER.
The contest was not one of STRENGTH. It was a contest of LOVE. The boy’s real mother could not bear to hurt him, and so she let go. She wanted him to be safe even if she could not be with him.

VOCABULARY
1. to give birth to v. (The younger one had given birth to a son.) [give/s, gave, given]
(a) to have (to bear) a baby
(b) to give a gift to a baby
(c) to become pregnant
For example: I gave birth to my son in l973.
YOUR TURN: Please write a sentence (in any tense) using this phrasal verb –
give birth to.
2.to raise v. (The older wife raised the boy as her own.) (raise/s, raised, raised)
(a) to shave (b) to eat rice (c) to bring up
TO RAISE (verb needs an object) [This is NOT TO RISE.]
Examples: raise the flag, raise the window, raise your rent, raise your pay (salary),
raise your hand, raise your children
YOUR TURN: Please write a sentence (in any tense) using RAISE with an object.
________________________________________________________________________
3. the issue n. (The issue was finally taken to the king.) [issue/s, issued, issued]
(a) a newspaper
(b) an important question that must be solved or is in dispute
(c) a suit in court
4.in a heap n. (The boy found himself in a heap on the floor.)
(a) in a big pile (b) on the top (c) next to her
5.to protest v. (The older wife protested.)
(a) to prepare (b) to sing a song (c) to argue

5. to bear v. (She could not bear to hurt him.)
(a) to endure; to be able to tolerate something
(b) to be rude
(c) to see the bears at the zoo
Example: I can’t bear people who lie.
YOUR TURN: Please write your own sentence using bear in any tense.

____________________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR
WHO as a question word and
WHO as a subject of a clause, used as a relative pronoun
1. WHO as a question word.
(Use am, is, are, was, or were in your short answer)
a. Who is there? [at the door] It’s Sally. _______________
b. Who is going to Chinatown after school? ______________
c. Who was your teacher last semester? ________________
d. Who was eating in class? _________________
YOUR TURN: Use the verb to be to ask a WHO question? And answer it with two words.
e. ________________________________________________________ ___________
CAN or WILL as a modal ((Use can or will in your short answer)
f. Who can drive? ___________
g. Who will be here tomorrow?
YOUR TURN: Use the modals can and will to ask a WHO question? And answer it with two words.
h. ___________________________________________________ ________________
i. ___________________________________________________ _______________
PRESENT TENSE VERBS (Use do or does in your short answer)
j. Who has a dictionary? _____________
k. Who plays the piano? _____________
l. Who walks to school? ______________
m. Who works? _____________
YOUR TURN: Use a present-tense verb to ask a WHO question? And answer it with two words. n. _____________________________________________________ __________




PAST TENSE (Use did in your short answer)
o. Who walked to school today? ______________
o. Who ate breakfast this morning? _____________
YOUR TURN: Use a past-tense verb to ask a WHO question? And answer it with two words. p. _________________________________________________________ ____________
PRESENT PERFECT (Use have or has in your short answer)
Who has been to Las Vegas? _________________
YOUR TURN: Use a present-perfect verb to ask a WHO question? And answer it with two words. q. ____________________________________________________ ____________
2. WHO as a subject (or subject complement) of a clause .
Circle the verbs of WHO. Are these questions? ____________
1. Once there lived a man who had two wives.
2. The two wives began to fight as to who owned the house
3. and who owned the boy who was to inherit everything.
4. The one who can hold onto the boy shall hold him forever.

What are the subjects and verbs in the following sentences?
5. We have our proof who the true mother is.
Ask the WHO question for #5. ______________________________________
6. How did the king know who the boy’s real mother was?
Ask the WHO question for #6. ________________________________________
The grammar to learn for these embedded WHO “questions” is this:
DON’T make a WHO question in the middle of a statement.
a. I know who she is.
b. I always forget who works and who doesn’t.
c. I am sure she is the one who was here yesterday.
(whom is an object)
d. I am sure she is the one whom I saw in Chinatown.
e. I don’t know whom to ask.



3. Comparatives

Adjective Comparative
hard harder than But I pulled harder
old older than The older jealous wife was raising the son.
young younger than The younger one gave birth to a son.
strong stronger than The stronger will win.
YOUR TURN: Please write a sentence using safer.
safe safer than _______________________________________

3. CONVERSATION
Work with a partner and answer the questions.
Then write your answers in complete sentences.
a. What did the younger wife give to the older wife?
_________________________________________________________________
b. Who pulled harder? ________________
b. Who was physically stronger? ________________
c. Do you think the real mother (the younger mother) did the right thing by giving up her son? Please say why. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
d. Do you think the king was a wise person or was there another way to find out who the real mother was? Explain, please.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

©sgati2009

The Sticks of Truth

A long time ago in India, judges traveled from village to village. One day a judge stopped at an inn to rest, but the innkeeper was very upset. That day, someone had stolen his daughter’s gold ring.
The judge told the innkeeper not to worry and had all the guests come together so that he could question them. Each person told the judge, “I’m not the thief.” Since the judge could not figure out who the thief was, he decided to use some magic. He told them he was going to use the “sticks of truth”.
He explained, “These magic sticks will catch the thief.” He then gave each guest a stick to keep under their beds during the night. “The stick belonging to the thief will grow two inches during the night. At breakfast, we will all compare sticks. The longest stick will be the thief’s.”
The next morning, the judge had all the guests come over to his table and hold their sticks up next to his to see if they had grown. Each person held up his stick; but one after the other, they all were the same. None had grown any longer.
Then suddenly the judge called out, “This is the thief! Her stick is shorter than all the rest.”
Once caught, the woman confessed and she returned the ring; but all the guests were confused about the sticks. The judge had said that the longest stick would be the thief’s. Instead, it had been the shortest.
QUESTION: Why?
ANSWER: Not one of the sticks was magical. The only one who was worried about being caught had cut off two inches of her stick during the night so that she could hide its growth. Since the sticks were not magical, her stick ended up being the short one.
VOCABULARY Choose one answer.
1. an inn n. (A judge stopped at an inn to rest.)
(a) a hotel providing overnight lodging for travelers
(b) a truck stop
(c) a café
2. an innkeeper n. (The innkeeper was very upset.)
(a) a café owner
(b) a truck driver
(c) the person who owns or manages a hotel/inn.
3. guests n. (All the guests came together.)
(a) volunteers
(b) family members
(c) a paying customer in a hotel or restaurant
4. magic n. (He decided to use some magic.)
(a) music
(b) good food
(c) any art that makes you think impossible things are possible
5. confessed v. (The woman confessed and returned the ring.)
(a) to admit, under pressure, something inconvenient or damaging to oneself
(b) to be confused
(c) to fight with your fist

GRAMMAR
1. The judge told the innkeeper not to worry.
Report what you tell someone NOT to do. Use NOT + an infinitive
Examples:
I told my son NOT to play in the street. I told him TO PLAY on the sidewalk.
He told me NOT to call after 10 p.m.
YOUR TURN:


2. She had cut off two inches of her stick during the night so that she could hide its growth.
All the guests came together so that he could question them.
SO THAT clause (group of words) to show a result
Examples:
YOUR TURN:
a. I’m studying English so that ________________________________________
b. He went to the bank so that _________________________________________
c. I’m going to practice driving so that __________________________________
d. _______________________________________________________________





3. KNOW, DON’T KNOW + who, what, where, when, why, how
a. Do you know where India is? Where is India?
I know where India is.
I don’t know where India is.

YOUR TURN
b. Do you know what time it is? What ______________________ ?
I know what time it is.
I don’t know what time it is.

c. Do you know how much this book is? How much __________________?
I know ___________________________
I don’t know __________________________

Ask me a question like the ones above.
d. Do you know where______________________________________ ?
Where ___________________________________ ?
Tell me I know where _______________________________________________
I don’t know where __________________________________________

4. END UP + _ing
a. Her stick ended up being the short one.
b. She didn’t want the low-paying job;
but because she needed the money, she ended up taking the job.
YOUR TURN
c. _________________________________________________________

5. adjectives comparatives superlatives
Write the sentence from the story that uses the comparative and the superlatives.
short
comparative: __________________________________________________
superlative: __________________________________________________

long
comparative: __________________________________________________
superlative: __________________________________________________

YOUR TURN
tall
comparative: __________________________________________________
superlative: __________________________________________________





6. WORRIED ABOUT + noun or + gerund (two-word verbs)
a. The only one who was worried about being caught was the woman.
b. I’m worried about my test.
c. She’s worried about taking a plane.
d. He’s worried about being late.
YOUR TURN:


7. VERBS Find all the present, past, future, and past perfect verbs

subjects present past future past perfect
a. judges 1. 1. traveled 1. 1.
2. 2. 2. 2.
3. 3. 3.
4. 4. 4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
CONVERSATION
a. What do you think should be the punishment for the thief?


b. Do you think it was fair for the judge to use this method to catch the thief?




sgati©2009